Agriculture Sicily, wine farming industry

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Agriculture

The interruption of water supply does not prevent that agriculture is one of the great economic resources of the region. Notable is the production of cereals - including wheat, durum wheat varieties of the valuable species, which is essential for the production of the finest pasta - who already made it important to the Romans, Sicily (the island was in fact called the granary of Rome) . It is abundant that the olives, which ensures high production of oil.

Well known is the cultivation of citrus fruits: the most important centers of which are Paternò, Frant, Scordia, Lentini. Here we produce oranges, lemons and tangerines, along with mandarin oranges, bergamot, cedar and grapefruit of great value, prickly pears and locust beans. There are also vegetables, which since the sixties have gained more and more markets by virtue of greenhouse farming, particularly extensive in the South East such as the famous Pachino tomatoes or legumes such as lupine. Important is the production of artichokes in the territory niscemese is one of the largest European manufacturers. Among the nuts stand out as almonds, hazelnuts and pistachios - fine to Bronte - which are the basis of many confectionery products. An important contribution is also from the intensive cultivation of species, once exotic, like the kiwi of excellent quality and even Vino Marsala

mango in the area of Fiumefreddo. The carrot Ispica novel, Cherry Etna, olive oil Iblei Mountains, hills and hills nisseni Enna, Messina's Ionian Interdonato lemon, lemon Syracuse, melon green tomatoes and pistachios Bronte's products are protected designation of origin - Transitional National Security by ministerial decree. One of the fruits is the most typical "kaki (persimmon and lotus in Italian). Famous for "khaki" is Misilmeri, which in November is the festival in this delicious fruit. Another characteristic is that of the Sicilian production Sbergia. This fruit, sweet and fragrant, is an endemic species that is spread only in the Valley of Niceto. To date in Modica, chocolate is prepared according to ancient recipes of South America, imported during the Spanish, and makes use of spices that give it a unique taste.

The traditional cultivation of the vine allows the production of excellent wines, both reds and whites, which are increasingly recognized and appreciated throughout the world. The production, while significant, hardly a time to enter the markets because of excessive fragmentation of producers and vague quality standards, it was a turning point since the early nineties, when the use of new winemaking techniques, public funding that facilitated the arrival of large wine producers from other parts of Italy and from abroad, the birth of a university local winemakers (University of Palermo Faculty of Agriculture with a branch in Marsala at the Institute of Agriculture " A. Damiani "), have fostered the rebirth of Sicilian wines, already famous in Roman times, and their international success of its DOC and the birth of DOCGCerasuolo of Victoria.

Among the most popular grape varieties are:

REDS

Nero d'Avola, Nerello Mascalese, Frappato which concurs with the Nero d'Avola to DOCG Cerasuolo di Vittoria, Nerello Mantellato, Nerello Hood, Perricone and Nocera.

WHITE WINES

insolation, Grillo, Catarratto, Grecanico, Carricante, Minnella White, also known as Moscato di Pantelleria and Malvasia delle Lipari Zibibbo.

But now they are grown and bottled with significant qualitative results also Cardonnay, Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Cabernet, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir and other varieties are not native.

An important and increasingly developed area is growing in a greenhouse, flower quality, such as orchids, favored by hot and humid climate that has reached and exceeded the production of other traditional production regions. Today's flowers are bought and shipped to Sicily across Europe.

There is also the largest fruit and vegetable market in Vittoria Italy.

In Sicily, about 650 000 hectares of land are devoted to agriculture and planting 400 000 under permanent crops.

In the plain of Gela is also cultivated cotton, the Sicilian product accounts for 78% of national production.

Breeding

They raised sheep, goats and horses, and cattle, once present in limited numbers today are raised mainly in the province of Ragusa, where they breed and animals of the Friesian breed Modica. The latter produce milk very substantial, although in low amounts compared to farmed animals (it's a race semi-domesticated), mainly used in the production of fresh cheese (milk cheese), from Piacenza Enna, with the addition of saffron, or cheese from Ragusa, the only of its kind in Sicily to have earned the DOP. A typical race horses are bred to race sanfratellana Nebrodi in the area of San Fratello, which takes its name. The area down to the meadows and pastures in Sicily reaches 235 thousand hectares.

Fishing

Fishing is a valuable resource for Sicily. There are many ports with large fleets of fishing boats, among which the most important is to Mazara del Vallo, but it is not the only one: Also important to Sciacca, the port of Licata, Porto Empedocles, to Pozzallo and Portopalo. Are caught, in addition to swordfish in the area of the Strait of Messina, also tuna, sardines, anchovies and mackerel, bluefish, or typical of the Mediterranean Sea, allowing the canning industry to provide raw material for the production canned fish and smoked fish. Marzamemi in Trapani and it produces the roe, which is exported abroad.

A Mazara del Vallo, near Trapani, but also in other marine areas of the Mediterranean coast of Sicily, is practiced farming of fish such as sea bass, sea bream, tuna (growing); to Ganzirri, in the north of Messina, that of oysters and mussels. Drills are also well known since ancient salt mines from which it produces very fine sea salt.

Energy

One of the two pylons of the Strait, it is the Pilone di Torre Faro, place the strip of land to the north-eastern Sicily

A power line that crosses the Strait of Messina from Sicily to export some electricity in it is produced, but also allows the region to receive more than half the energy coming from northern Europe, which is required by the 5 million inhabitants in Sicily. The main energy plus a part of the auxiliary produced by power plants in the region, is used in the city and the electrified railways from 3 KV. From the company development and management of power Terna will be a second power line between source and Rizziconi and upgrade of the network in the region up to 380KV.

Although conventional power stations are fairly common and have a good production, alternative sources, despite enormous potential on which Sicily, are not yet widespread: some are experimental wind turbines, and will soon be activated at Enna, in the new industrial Dittaino of a central utilizing biomass to produce energy at low costs, the first plant of its kind in southern Italy. Near Adrano between 1981 and 1987 was built by Enel as part of a European project, a solar power plant Eurelios producing 1 megawatt of power, it is up to date off.

In the nineties, was built in the area of Sortino, a hydroelectric plant which produces energy by using a jump of more than 100 meters between two artificial lakes created purpose-built. This plant, the first of its kind, was built to sustain the massive consumption day of the industries in the area of Priolo. In fact, the thermal balance of the central value is nearly zero because of the energy produced is then used during the day and night to pump water to upper reservoir.

Industry

Different industries in the territory, concentrated in the districts of Gela, Augusta, and Milazzo, with chemical processing industries, oil and energy. Have to remember, moreover, the Fiat automobile factory in Termini Imerese and those of electronic components from STMicroelectronics of Catania.

Mining

The sulfur mines in the provinces of Enna, Agrigento and Caltanissetta were closed, since the mid-twentieth century, due to strong competition in the U.S. sulfur extracted by the method Frasch, and then sold at prices considerably lower than the difference in the extraction process in Sicily had become too expensive and therefore poorly paid. Other mines of potash, used in various industries have been closed in the late eighties, in the province of Caltanissetta having become economically cheaper imports from Eastern Europe. In the past, they were also thriving mining of gypsum and rock-pitch in the Ragusa (for extraction of hydrocarbons), even though they have been marginalized during the twentieth century.

Timely and important, from the ground in Sicily, the extraction of oil comes from wells in Dubrovnik which is 90% of Italian production. Other wells were drilled in the nineties off the southern coast of Sicily, the Strait of Sicily where they were installed some visible oil platforms off the coast of Licata. There are also deposits of methane gas.

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Thursday, 02 September 2010 | redazione

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