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City of Lucca PDF Print
Guide Italia - Toscana

alt City of Lucca

Lucca is a town of 185.53 km ² with 85,474 inhabitants of north-west, situated in the plain of the lower Valdarno, near the left bank of the river Serchio to 19 masl in a vast plain at the entrance to Garfagnana, 15 km north-east of Pisa, from which is separated from Mount Pisano.
Founded as a Ligurian settlement, according to some historians (and for others, it is considered of Etruscan origin), and developed as a Roman city from 180 BC, in the sixth century Lucca became the capital of the Duchy of Tuscia Lombard in the twelfth century and then developed as a municipality and then the Republic. Latin colony from 180 BC, Lucca still contains intact many of the characteristics typical of ancient times. The amphitheater, which still retains its distinctive elliptical shape of the square is closed, the hole is located in Piazza S. Michele dominated by the Romanesque church that evokes strong references to the classical world in many architectural components. But the Roman track is more evident in the downtown streets, reflecting the orthogonality of the Roman Cardo and the set by decumano, corresponding to current off-Fillungo Cenami and via S. Pauline-Roma-Santa Croce. Roman period was also the first city wall, which enclosed a square area in which, during the course of centuries, have formed the center of political power (now Palazzo Ducale) and the religious center. In 55 BC, Lucca was the scene of a meeting of the First Triumvirate of Julius Caesar, Pompey and Marcus Licinius Crassus in which Caesar was seen to extend for a further five years the proconsul in Gaul.
Occupied by the Goths in 400 by the Byzantines and the next century, the history of Lucca was characterized by being among the most important capital of the Lombard kingdom. Thanks to the presence of the Holy Face in the church of S. Martin became a main stop on the pilgrimage from Canterbury to Rome on the Via Francigena, one of the most important roads of the Middle Ages. Despite this, few traces remain of this historical period. In 773 the Lombard rule fell on Lucca, and began the Carolingian domination, thanks to the defeat of the Dukes of Lucca at the hands of Charlemagne. During this period the city consolidated the leading position conquered the Lombard era thanks to the growing commercial and textile production, for which the city became famous throughout Europe. Textile production was the beginning of economic growth and Lucca, by launching the manufacture of silk, Lucca established itself even more on European markets. The high quality of the product was due to the thinness of the material and the beauty of the decorations. In the Middle Ages the city grew considerably in particular also in relation to the ancient Via Francigena in Lucca was an important step on the religious level for the presence of the Holy Face, a highly venerated relic that is the Christ crucified and who is in the Cathedral of Lucca. The itinerary of the Sigerico, Archbishop of Canterbury, the city was the stage XXVI (Mansi).

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